/IvermectinResearch
Ivermectin is a macrocyclic lactone derived from the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis. Molecular Formula: C48H74O14 Molecular Weight: 875.1 g/mol
The story of how ivermectin was discovered is quite incredible. In the late 1960s, Satoshi Ōmura, a microbiologist at Tokyo’s Kitasako Institute, was hunting for new antibacterial compounds and started to collect thousands of soil samples from around Japan. He cultured bacteria from the samples, screened the cultures for medicinal potential, and sent them 10,000 km away to Merck Research Labs in New Jersey, where his collaborator, William Campbell, tested their effect against parasitic worms affecting livestock and other animals.
One culture, derived from a soil sample collected near a golf course southwest of Tokyo, was remarkably effective against worms. The bacterium in the culture was a new species, and was baptised Streptomyces avermictilis. The active component, named avermectin, was chemically modified to increase its activity and its safety.
The new compound, called ivermectin, was commercialised as a product for animal health in 1981 and soon became a top-selling veterinary drug in the world. Remarkably, despite decades of searching, S. avermictilis remains the only source of avermectin ever found.
The FDA-approved Drug Ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.
"We report here that Ivermectin, an FDA-approved anti-parasitic previously shown to have broad-spectrum anti-viral activity in vitro, is an inhibitor of the causative virus (SARS-CoV-2), with a single addition to Vero-hSLAM cells 2 h post infection with SARS-CoV-2 able to effect ~5000-fold reduction in viral RNA at 48 h."
"We report here that Ivermectin, an FDA-approved anti-parasitic previously shown to have broad-spectrum anti-viral activity in vitro, is an inhibitor of the causative virus (SARS-CoV-2), with a single addition to Vero-hSLAM cells 2 h post infection with SARS-CoV-2 able to effect ~5000-fold reduction in viral RNA at 48 h."
Caly, L., Druce, J., Catton, M., Jans, D. & Wagstaff, K. (2020).
Antiviral Research Volume 178, June 2020, 104787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104787
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166354220302011
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104787
Antiviral Research Volume 178, June 2020, 104787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104787
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166354220302011
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104787
| the_fda-approved_drug_ivermectin_inhibits_the_replication_of_sars-cov-2_in_t_vitro.pdf |
Clinical Studies:
Scheim, David.
“Ivermectin for COVID-19 Treatment: Clinical Response at Quasi-Threshold Doses Via Hypothesized Alleviation of CD147-Mediated Vascular Occlusion.” Available at SSRN 3636557 (2020).
“Overall mortality was 15% in the IVM group, 40% less (p=0.03) than the 25.2% mortality in the control group. For 75 patients with severe pulmonary disease (receiving oxygen at FiO2 ≥ 50% or ventilation), those treated with IVM (n=46) had a mortality of 38.8%, 52% less (p=0.001) than the 80.7% mortality in corresponding controls (n=29). Stabilization and then improvement often proceeded in 1-2 days, even for patients who had been deteriorating rapidly from room air to supplemental oxygen at up to a 50% mixture (FiO2 ≤ 0.5). The 1-2-day reversals of declining oxygen status in these Florida patients is consistent with rapid absorption and distribution into tissue of orally administered IVM.”
“Ivermectin for COVID-19 Treatment: Clinical Response at Quasi-Threshold Doses Via Hypothesized Alleviation of CD147-Mediated Vascular Occlusion.” Available at SSRN 3636557 (2020).
“Overall mortality was 15% in the IVM group, 40% less (p=0.03) than the 25.2% mortality in the control group. For 75 patients with severe pulmonary disease (receiving oxygen at FiO2 ≥ 50% or ventilation), those treated with IVM (n=46) had a mortality of 38.8%, 52% less (p=0.001) than the 80.7% mortality in corresponding controls (n=29). Stabilization and then improvement often proceeded in 1-2 days, even for patients who had been deteriorating rapidly from room air to supplemental oxygen at up to a 50% mixture (FiO2 ≤ 0.5). The 1-2-day reversals of declining oxygen status in these Florida patients is consistent with rapid absorption and distribution into tissue of orally administered IVM.”
Chowdhury, Abu Taiub Mohammed Mohiuddin, et al.
“A comparative observational study on Ivermectin-Doxycycline and Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin therapy on COVID19 patients.” ResearchGate.net
Conclusion: “Concerning the treatment outcome, adverse effect, and safety, IvermectinDoxycycline combination is superior to Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin therapy in the case of mild to moderate degree of COVID19 patients. ”
“A comparative observational study on Ivermectin-Doxycycline and Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin therapy on COVID19 patients.” ResearchGate.net
Conclusion: “Concerning the treatment outcome, adverse effect, and safety, IvermectinDoxycycline combination is superior to Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin therapy in the case of mild to moderate degree of COVID19 patients. ”
A Randomized Trial of Ivermectin-Doxycycline and Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin therapy on COVID19 patients
"All subjects in the Ivermectin-Doxycycline group (group A) reached a negative PCR for SARS-CoV2, at a mean of 8.93days, and all reached symptomatic recovery, at a mean of 5.93days, with 55.10% symptom-free by the 5th day."
"All subjects in the Ivermectin-Doxycycline group (group A) reached a negative PCR for SARS-CoV2, at a mean of 8.93days, and all reached symptomatic recovery, at a mean of 5.93days, with 55.10% symptom-free by the 5th day."
| a_randomized_trial_of_ivermectin-doxycycline_and_hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin_therapy_on_covid19_patients.pdf |
Effectiveness of Ivermectin as add-on Therapy in COVID-19 Management (Pilot Trial)
"This preliminary pilot study demonstrated for the first time that add-on use of IVM to HCQ and AZT had obvious higher cure rate, shorter hospital stay days compared with controls. In addition, there was no obvious reported adverse events."
"This preliminary pilot study demonstrated for the first time that add-on use of IVM to HCQ and AZT had obvious higher cure rate, shorter hospital stay days compared with controls. In addition, there was no obvious reported adverse events."
| effectiveness_of_ivermectin_as_add-on_therapy_in_covid-19_management.pdf |
Gorial, Faiq I., et al.
“Effectiveness of Ivermectin as add-on Therapy in COVID-19 Management (Pilot Trial).” medRxiv (2020).
~ All the patients of IVM group were cured; none of the Ivermectin patients died. “The mean time to stay in the hospital was significantly lower in IVM group compared with the controls”, 7.62 days for IVM and 13.22 days for control. Results were highly statistically significant.
“Effectiveness of Ivermectin as add-on Therapy in COVID-19 Management (Pilot Trial).” medRxiv (2020).
~ All the patients of IVM group were cured; none of the Ivermectin patients died. “The mean time to stay in the hospital was significantly lower in IVM group compared with the controls”, 7.62 days for IVM and 13.22 days for control. Results were highly statistically significant.
A Case Series of 100 COVID-19 Positive Patients Treated with Combination of Ivermectin and Doxycycline
"Combination of Ivermectin and doxycycline was found to be very effective in viral clearance in mild and moderately sick COVID-19 patients. Retesting was done between 4 and 18 days of starting medication. All patients tested negative and their symptoms improved within 72 hours. There were no noticeable side effects."
"Combination of Ivermectin and doxycycline was found to be very effective in viral clearance in mild and moderately sick COVID-19 patients. Retesting was done between 4 and 18 days of starting medication. All patients tested negative and their symptoms improved within 72 hours. There were no noticeable side effects."
ICON (Ivermectin in COvid Nineteen) Study: Use of Ivermectin Is Associated with Lower Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3631261
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3631261
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343305357
ttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JBCPS/article/view/47512
ttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JBCPS/article/view/47512
| acaseseriesof100covid-19positivepatientstreatedwithcombinationofivermectinanddoxycycline.pdf |
ICON (Ivermectin in COvid Nineteen) study: Use of Ivermectin is Associated with Lower Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID19
"The primary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Univariate analysis showed lower mortality in the ivermectin group (15.0% versus 25.2%)."
"The primary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Univariate analysis showed lower mortality in the ivermectin group (15.0% versus 25.2%)."
Rajter, Juliana Cepelowicz, et al. “ICON (Ivermectin in COvid Nineteen) study: Use of Ivermectin is Associated with Lower Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID19.” medRxiv (2020). medRxiv.org
Conclusion: “Ivermectin was associated with lower mortality during treatment of COVID-19, especially in patients who required higher inspired oxygen or ventilatory support.”
Conclusion: “Ivermectin was associated with lower mortality during treatment of COVID-19, especially in patients who required higher inspired oxygen or ventilatory support.”
| icon__ivermectin_in_covid_nineteen__study-_use_of_ivermectin_is_associated_with_lower_mortality_in_hospitalized_patients_with_covid19_.pdf |
Comparison of Viral Clearance between Ivermectin with Doxycycline and Hydroxychloroquine with Azithromycin in COVID-19 Patients
"Viral clearance is 66% on day 5 and 83.5% on day 6."
"Viral clearance is 66% on day 5 and 83.5% on day 6."
| comparison_of_viral_clearance_between_ivermectin_with_doxycycline_and_hydroxychloroquine_with_azithromycin_in_covid-19_patients.pdf |
A comparative observational study on Ivermectin-Doxycycline and Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin therapy on COVID-19 patients.
"All subjects in the Ivermectin-Doxycycline group (group A) reached a negative PCR for SARS-CoV-2, at a mean of 8.93days, and all reached symptomatic recovery, at a mean of 5.93days, with 55.10% symptom-free by the 5th day."
Abu Taiub Mohammed Mohiuddin Chowdhury, Mohammad Shahbaz, Md. Rezaul Karim, Jahirul Islam, Guo Dan, He Shuixiang (June 2020).
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.22193.81767
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342159343
"All subjects in the Ivermectin-Doxycycline group (group A) reached a negative PCR for SARS-CoV-2, at a mean of 8.93days, and all reached symptomatic recovery, at a mean of 5.93days, with 55.10% symptom-free by the 5th day."
Abu Taiub Mohammed Mohiuddin Chowdhury, Mohammad Shahbaz, Md. Rezaul Karim, Jahirul Islam, Guo Dan, He Shuixiang (June 2020).
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.22193.81767
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342159343
| a_comparative_observational_study_on_ivermectin-_doxycycline_and_hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin_therapy_on_covid19_patients..pdf |
These two papers seem to be based on the same study.
"A Randomized Trial of Ivermectin-Doxycycline and Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin therapy on COVID19 patients." (2020).
Researchsquare preprint.
Chowdhury, Abu Taiub Mohammed Mohiuddin, Mohammad Shahbaz, Md Rezaul Karim, Johirul Islam, Dan Guo, and Shuixiang He.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-38896/v1 - Posted 14 July.
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-38896/v1
Researchsquare preprint.
Chowdhury, Abu Taiub Mohammed Mohiuddin, Mohammad Shahbaz, Md Rezaul Karim, Johirul Islam, Dan Guo, and Shuixiang He.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-38896/v1 - Posted 14 July.
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-38896/v1
| a_randomized_trial_of_ivermectin-doxycycline_and_hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin_therapy_on_covid19_patients.pdf |
Antimalarials for COVID-19 Treatment: Rapid Reversal of Oxygen Status Decline with the Nobel Prize-Honored Macrocyclic Lactone Ivermectin (June 3, 2020).
Scheim, David
https://ssrn.com/abstract=3617911
http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3617911
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3617911
Scheim, David
https://ssrn.com/abstract=3617911
http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3617911
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3617911
| antimalarials_for_covid-19_treatment_-_rapid_reversal_of_oxygen_status_decline_with_the_nobel_prize-honored_macrocyclic_lactone_ivermectin.pdf |
Mode of Action:
Antiviral Activity of Ivermectin Against SARS-CoV-2: An Old-Fashioned Dog with a New Trick—A Literature Review
https://www.mdpi.com/2218-0532/88/3/36
https://www.mdpi.com/2218-0532/88/3/36
| antiviral_activity_of_ivermectin_against_sars-cov-2_an_old-fashioned_dog_with_a_new_trick—_a_literature_review.pdf |
Ivermectin is a specific inhibitor of importin alpha/beta-mediated nuclear import able to inhibit replication of HIV-1 and dengue virus.
Wagstaff KM, Sivakumaran H, Heaton SM, Harrich D, Jans DA.
Biochem J. 2012;443:851–6.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3327999/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22417684/
Wagstaff KM, Sivakumaran H, Heaton SM, Harrich D, Jans DA.
Biochem J. 2012;443:851–6.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3327999/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22417684/
The broad spectrum antiviral ivermectin targets the host nuclear transport importin alpha/beta1 heterodimer.
Yang SNY, Atkinson SC, Wang C, et al.
Antivir Res. 2020;177:104760.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166354219307211
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32135219/
Yang SNY, Atkinson SC, Wang C, et al.
Antivir Res. 2020;177:104760.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166354219307211
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32135219/
Has Ivermectin Virus-Directed Effects against SARS-CoV-2? Rationalizing the Action of a Potential Multitarget Antiviral Agent
https://chemrxiv.org/articles/preprint/12782258
https://chemrxiv.org/articles/preprint/12782258
| ivermectin_arxiv.pdf |
| si_final.pdf |
A Combination of Ivermectin and Doxycycline Possibly Blocks the Viral Entry and Modulate the Innate Immune Response in COVID-19 Patients.
Maurya, Dharmendra Kumar (2020):
ChemRxiv. Preprint.
https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.12630539.v1
https://chemrxiv.org/articles/A_Combination_of_Ivermectin_and_Doxycycline_Possibly_Blocks_the_Viral_Entry_and_Modulate_the_Innate_Immune_Response_in_COVID-19_Patients/12630539/1
Maurya, Dharmendra Kumar (2020):
ChemRxiv. Preprint.
https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.12630539.v1
https://chemrxiv.org/articles/A_Combination_of_Ivermectin_and_Doxycycline_Possibly_Blocks_the_Viral_Entry_and_Modulate_the_Innate_Immune_Response_in_COVID-19_Patients/12630539/1
| a_combination_of_ivermectin_and_doxycycline_possibly_blocks_the_viral_entry_and_modulate_the_innate_immune_response_in_covid-19_patients.pdf |
Binding Mechanism and Structural Insights into the Identified Protein Target of Covid-19 with In-Vitro Effective Drug Ivermectin.
Sen Gupta, Parth Sarthi; Biswal, Satyaranjan; Panda, Saroj Kumar; Ray, Abhik Kumar; Rana, Malay Kumar (2020):
ChemRxiv. Preprint.
https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.12463946.v1
Sen Gupta, Parth Sarthi; Biswal, Satyaranjan; Panda, Saroj Kumar; Ray, Abhik Kumar; Rana, Malay Kumar (2020):
ChemRxiv. Preprint.
https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.12463946.v1
| ivermectin_manuscript_v1.pdf |
| supporting_information.pdf |
Immunological mechanisms explaining the role of IgE, mast cells, histamine, elevating ferritin, IL-6, D-dimer, VEGF levels in COVID-19 and dengue, potential treatments such as mast cell stabilizers, antihistamines, Vitamin C, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin and azithromycin.
Arumugham, Vinu. (2020, April 11). Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748304
Arumugham, Vinu. (2020, April 11). Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748304
| immunological_mechanisms_explaining_the_role_of_ige_mast_cells_histamine_elevating_ferritin_il-6_d-dimer_vegf_levels_in_covid-19.pdf |
Ivermectin, antiviral properties and COVID-19: a possible new mechanism of action.
Emanuele Rizzo (2020) Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2020 May 27 : 1–4. doi: 10.1007/s00210-020-01902-5 [Epub ahead of print] PMCID: PMC7251046 - PMID: 32462282
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32462282/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00210-020-01902-5
Emanuele Rizzo (2020) Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2020 May 27 : 1–4. doi: 10.1007/s00210-020-01902-5 [Epub ahead of print] PMCID: PMC7251046 - PMID: 32462282
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32462282/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00210-020-01902-5
| ivermectin_antiviral_properties_and_covid-19-_a_possible_new_mechanism_of_action.pdf |
Summary and Analysis:
Ivermectin: a systematic review from antiviral effects to COVID-19 complementary regimen
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41429-020-0336-z
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41429-020-0336-z
| ivermectin-_a_systematic_review_from_antiviral_effects_to_covid-19_complementary_regimen.pdf |
September 2020 version:
| ivermectin-18.pdf |
Older version.:
| ivermectin_summary_and_analysis_by_amelia_carolina_sparavigna.pdf |
Ivermectin: a systematic review from antiviral effects to COVID-19 complementary regimen.
“Several studies reported antiviral effects of ivermectin on RNA viruses such as Zika, dengue, yellow fever, West Nile, Hendra, Newcastle, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, chikungunya, Semliki Forest, Sindbis, Avian influenza A, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, Human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.”
Fatemeh Heidary and Reza Gharebaghi (2020). J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2020 Jun 12 : 1–10. doi: 10.1038/s41429-020- 0336-z [Epub ahead of print] - PMCID: PMC7290143
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41429-020-0336-z
“Several studies reported antiviral effects of ivermectin on RNA viruses such as Zika, dengue, yellow fever, West Nile, Hendra, Newcastle, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, chikungunya, Semliki Forest, Sindbis, Avian influenza A, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, Human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.”
Fatemeh Heidary and Reza Gharebaghi (2020). J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2020 Jun 12 : 1–10. doi: 10.1038/s41429-020- 0336-z [Epub ahead of print] - PMCID: PMC7290143
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41429-020-0336-z
| ivermectin-_a_systematic_review_from_antiviral_effects_to_covid-19_complementary_regimen.pdf |
Other Studies:
Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of escalating high doses of ivermectin in healthy adult subjects
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12362927/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12362927/
The Approved Dose of Ivermectin Alone is not the Ideal Dose for the Treatment of COVID-19
Virginia D Schmith, Jie Zhou, Lauren RL Lohmer (2020). medRχiv prepint posted April 26, 2020. doi:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32378737/
Virginia D Schmith, Jie Zhou, Lauren RL Lohmer (2020). medRχiv prepint posted April 26, 2020. doi:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32378737/
| the_approved_dose_of_ivermectin_alone_is_not_the_ideal_dose_for_the_treatment_of_covid-19.pdf |
Potential use of hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin and azithromycin drugs in fighting COVID-19: trends, scope and relevance.
R. Choudhary and A.K. Sharma (2020). New Microbes New Infect. 2020 May; 35: 100684. Published online 2020 Apr 22. doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100684 -PMCID: PMC7175902 - PMID: 32322397
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7175902/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32322397/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2052297520300366
R. Choudhary and A.K. Sharma (2020). New Microbes New Infect. 2020 May; 35: 100684. Published online 2020 Apr 22. doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100684 -PMCID: PMC7175902 - PMID: 32322397
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7175902/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32322397/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2052297520300366
| potential_use_of_hydroxychloroquine_ivermectin_and_azithromycin_drugs_in_fighting_covid-19_trends_scope_and_relevance.pdf |
Neurological associations of COVID-19.
Mark A Ellul, Laura Benjamin, Bhagteshwar Singh, Suzannah Lant, Benedict Daniel Michael, Ava Easton, Rachel Kneen, Sylviane Defres, Jim Sejvar, and Tom Solomon, Lancet Neurol. 2020 Jul 2 - doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30221-0 - PMCID: PMC7332267 - PMID: 32622375
Mark A Ellul, Laura Benjamin, Bhagteshwar Singh, Suzannah Lant, Benedict Daniel Michael, Ava Easton, Rachel Kneen, Sylviane Defres, Jim Sejvar, and Tom Solomon, Lancet Neurol. 2020 Jul 2 - doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30221-0 - PMCID: PMC7332267 - PMID: 32622375
COVID-19 strains remote regions of Peru.
Barbara Fraser (2020). The Lancet Journal - WORLD REPORT| VOLUME 395, ISSUE 10238, P1684, MAY 30, 2020 - Published: May 30, 2020
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)31236-8/fulltext
Barbara Fraser (2020). The Lancet Journal - WORLD REPORT| VOLUME 395, ISSUE 10238, P1684, MAY 30, 2020 - Published: May 30, 2020
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)31236-8/fulltext
Therapeutic potential of ivermectin for COVID-19.
Kalyne Gonçalves, Amanda Vasconcelos, Davi Barbirato, et al. Authorea. May 26, 2020. DOI: 10.22541/au.159050476.60928563
Kalyne Gonçalves, Amanda Vasconcelos, Davi Barbirato, et al. Authorea. May 26, 2020. DOI: 10.22541/au.159050476.60928563
Ivermectin and COVID- 19: A report in Antiviral Research, widespread interest, an FDA warning, two letters to the editor and the authors' responses
Mike Bray, Craig Rayner, François Noël, David Jans, and Kylie Wagstaff. Antiviral Res. 2020 Jun; 178: 104805. Published online 2020 Apr 21. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104805 - PMCID: PMC7172803 - PMID: 32330482
Mike Bray, Craig Rayner, François Noël, David Jans, and Kylie Wagstaff. Antiviral Res. 2020 Jun; 178: 104805. Published online 2020 Apr 21. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104805 - PMCID: PMC7172803 - PMID: 32330482
Effectiveness of Ivermectin as add-on Therapy in COVID-19 Management (Pilot Trial)
Faiq I. Gorial, Sabeeh Mashhadani, Hend M Sayaly, Basim Dhawi Dakhil, Marwan M AlMashhadani, Adnan M Aljabory, , Hassan M Abbas, Mohammed Ghanim, Jawad I Rasheed - 8 July 2020 - doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.07.20145979
Faiq I. Gorial, Sabeeh Mashhadani, Hend M Sayaly, Basim Dhawi Dakhil, Marwan M AlMashhadani, Adnan M Aljabory, , Hassan M Abbas, Mohammed Ghanim, Jawad I Rasheed - 8 July 2020 - doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.07.20145979
Ivermectin: potential candidate for the treatment of Covid 19.
Gupta, D., Sahoo, A. K., & Singh, A. (2020). The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases. Braz J Infect Dis. 2020 Jun 28 - doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2020.06.002 [Epub ahead of print] - PMCID: PMC7321032 - PMID: 32615072
Gupta, D., Sahoo, A. K., & Singh, A. (2020). The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases. Braz J Infect Dis. 2020 Jun 28 - doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2020.06.002 [Epub ahead of print] - PMCID: PMC7321032 - PMID: 32615072
Practice considerations on the use of investigational anti‐COVID‐ 19 medications: Dosage, administration and monitoring.
Kang, J. E., & Rhie, S. J. (2020). Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 2020 Jun 11 : 10.1111/jcpt.13199. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.13199 [Epub ahead of print] - PMCID: PMC7307068 - PMID: 32524645
Kang, J. E., & Rhie, S. J. (2020). Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 2020 Jun 11 : 10.1111/jcpt.13199. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.13199 [Epub ahead of print] - PMCID: PMC7307068 - PMID: 32524645
A Wonder Drug in the Arsenal against COVID-19: Medication Evidence from Ivermectin.
Kumar, B. S., Jeyaraman, M., Jain, R., & Anudeep, T. C. (2020). Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 30-37.
Kumar, B. S., Jeyaraman, M., Jain, R., & Anudeep, T. C. (2020). Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 30-37.
COVID-19 and the rush for self-medication and self-dosing with ivermectin: A word of caution.
Marcelo Beltrão Molento. One Health. 2020 Dec; 10: 100148. Published online 2020 Jun 24. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100148 - PMCID: PMC7313521 - PMID: 32632377
Marcelo Beltrão Molento. One Health. 2020 Dec; 10: 100148. Published online 2020 Jun 24. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100148 - PMCID: PMC7313521 - PMID: 32632377
Ivermectin for COVID-19: A living systematic review protocol
Luis E. Ortiz-Muñoz, Francisca Verdugo, Rocío Bravo-Jeria, Macarena Morel-Marambio, María Paz Acuña, Gabriel Rada - June 2020 -DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/xsgke
Luis E. Ortiz-Muñoz, Francisca Verdugo, Rocío Bravo-Jeria, Macarena Morel-Marambio, María Paz Acuña, Gabriel Rada - June 2020 -DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/xsgke
Potential therapeutic targets for combating SARS-CoV-2: Drug repurposing, clinical trials and recent advancements.
Pandey, A., Nikam, A.N., Shreya, A.B., Mutalik, S.P., Gopalan, D., Kulkarni, S., Padya, B.S., Fernandes, G., Mutalik, S. and Prassl, R. (2020). Life Sci. 2020 Sep 1; 256: 117883. Published online 2020 Jun 1. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117883 - PMCID: PMC7263255 - PMID: 32497632
Pandey, A., Nikam, A.N., Shreya, A.B., Mutalik, S.P., Gopalan, D., Kulkarni, S., Padya, B.S., Fernandes, G., Mutalik, S. and Prassl, R. (2020). Life Sci. 2020 Sep 1; 256: 117883. Published online 2020 Jun 1. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117883 - PMCID: PMC7263255 - PMID: 32497632
Patrì A, Fabbrocini G. Hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin: a synergisticcombination for COVID- 19 chemoprophylaxis and/or treatment?
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 Jun; 82(6): e221. Published online 2020 Apr 10. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.017 - PMCID: PMC7146719 - PMID: 32283237
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 Jun; 82(6): e221. Published online 2020 Apr 10. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.017 - PMCID: PMC7146719 - PMID: 32283237
Drug repurposing clinical trials in the search for life-saving Covid-19 therapies; research targets and methodological and ethical issues.
Paumgartten, F.J.R., Delgado, I.F., da Rocha Pitta, L. and de Oliveira, A.C.A.X., 2020. Vigilância Sanitária em Debate: Sociedade, Ciência & Tecnologia. https://doi.org/10.22239/2317-269x.01596
Paumgartten, F.J.R., Delgado, I.F., da Rocha Pitta, L. and de Oliveira, A.C.A.X., 2020. Vigilância Sanitária em Debate: Sociedade, Ciência & Tecnologia. https://doi.org/10.22239/2317-269x.01596
The current understanding and potential therapeutic options to combat COVID-19.
Pooladanda, V., Thatikonda, S., & Godugu, C. (2020). Life Sciences, 117765.
Pooladanda, V., Thatikonda, S., & Godugu, C. (2020). Life Sciences, 117765.
Ivermectin for COVID-19 Treatment: Clinical Response at Quasi-Threshold Doses Via Hypothesized Alleviation of CD147-Mediated Vascular Occlusion
Scheim, David, (June 26, 2020). Available at SSRN:
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3636557
Scheim, David, (June 26, 2020). Available at SSRN:
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3636557
Ivermectin, a new candidate therapeutic against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19
Khan Sharun, Kuldeep Dhama, Shailesh Kumar Patel, Mamta Pathak, Ruchi Tiwari, Bhoj Raj Singh, Ranjit Sah, D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales, and Hakan Leblebicioglu (2020). Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2020; 19: 23. Published online 2020 May 30. doi: 10.1186/s12941-020-00368-w - PMCID: PMC7261036 - PMID: 32473642
Khan Sharun, Kuldeep Dhama, Shailesh Kumar Patel, Mamta Pathak, Ruchi Tiwari, Bhoj Raj Singh, Ranjit Sah, D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales, and Hakan Leblebicioglu (2020). Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2020; 19: 23. Published online 2020 May 30. doi: 10.1186/s12941-020-00368-w - PMCID: PMC7261036 - PMID: 32473642
Ivermectin: Is It to Be a Potent Therapeutic Option for COVID-19?
Shweta Sinha, Alka Sehgal, Rakesh Sehgal. - June 2020 - DOI: 10.14740/cii106
Shweta Sinha, Alka Sehgal, Rakesh Sehgal. - June 2020 - DOI: 10.14740/cii106
Ivermectina para el tratamiento de la infección COVID-19
Ruth Jimbo Sotomayor, Xavier SánchezXavier Sánchez, Ana Maria Gomez Jaramillo, Felipe Moreno-Piedrahita. - May 2020 -Report number: 12 Affiliation: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador - Project: Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias COVID-19
Ruth Jimbo Sotomayor, Xavier SánchezXavier Sánchez, Ana Maria Gomez Jaramillo, Felipe Moreno-Piedrahita. - May 2020 -Report number: 12 Affiliation: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador - Project: Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias COVID-19
Ivermectin as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for COVID-19–case studies.
Wijaya, N. S., & Salim, S. (2020). Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, 47(7), 370-372.
Wijaya, N. S., & Salim, S. (2020). Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, 47(7), 370-372.
Antimalarials for COVID-19 Treatment: Rapid Reversal of Oxygen Status Decline with the Nobel Prize-Honored Macrocyclic Lactone Ivermectin
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3617911
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3617911
Ivermectin may be a clinically useful anti-inflammatory agent for late-stage COVID-19
https://openheart.bmj.com/content/7/2/e001350
https://openheart.bmj.com/content/7/2/e001350
Ivermectin Molecular Docking Studies
Dayer, Mohammad Reza.
“Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Deactivation via Spike Glycoprotein Shielding by Old Drugs, Bioinformatic Study.”
https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202005.0020/v1
~ Ivermectin was the second most effective drug at shielding the Spike from the ACE2 receptor.
“Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Deactivation via Spike Glycoprotein Shielding by Old Drugs, Bioinformatic Study.”
https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202005.0020/v1
~ Ivermectin was the second most effective drug at shielding the Spike from the ACE2 receptor.
Thurakkal, Liya, et al.
“An in-silico study on selected organosulfur compounds as potential drugs for SARS-CoV-2 infection via binding multiple drug targets.”
Download PDF file
Conclusion: Ivermectin inhibits the helicase polymerase of SARS-CoV-2 (-8.5)
“An in-silico study on selected organosulfur compounds as potential drugs for SARS-CoV-2 infection via binding multiple drug targets.”
Download PDF file
Conclusion: Ivermectin inhibits the helicase polymerase of SARS-CoV-2 (-8.5)
Hussien, Mostafa A., and Ahmed EM Abdelaziz.
“Molecular Docking suggests repurposing of Brincidofovir as a potential drug targeting SARS-CoV-2″ COVID-19″ ACE2 receptor and main protease.”
https://europepmc.org/article/ppr/ppr177413
Conclusion: Ivermectin inhibits Mpro and ACE2 (-10.31 and -8.62).
“Molecular Docking suggests repurposing of Brincidofovir as a potential drug targeting SARS-CoV-2″ COVID-19″ ACE2 receptor and main protease.”
https://europepmc.org/article/ppr/ppr177413
Conclusion: Ivermectin inhibits Mpro and ACE2 (-10.31 and -8.62).
Rehman, Md Tabish, Mohamed F. AlAjmi, and Afzal Hussain.
“Natural Compounds as Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (3CLpro): A Molecular Docking and Simulation Approach to Combat COVID-19.”
https://europepmc.org/article/ppr/ppr169871
Conclusion: Ivermectin inhibits Mpro (-9.3 docking score).
“Natural Compounds as Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (3CLpro): A Molecular Docking and Simulation Approach to Combat COVID-19.”
https://europepmc.org/article/ppr/ppr169871
Conclusion: Ivermectin inhibits Mpro (-9.3 docking score).
Suravajhala, Renuka, et al.
“Comparative Docking Studies on Curcumin with COVID-19 Proteins.”
https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202005.0439/v3
Conclusion: Ivermectin inhibits the Spike, M-protein, N-protein, Nsp10 (-6.69, -7.42, -7.11, -9.82).
“Comparative Docking Studies on Curcumin with COVID-19 Proteins.”
https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202005.0439/v3
Conclusion: Ivermectin inhibits the Spike, M-protein, N-protein, Nsp10 (-6.69, -7.42, -7.11, -9.82).
Dasgupta, Jhimli, et al.
“Nsp7 and Spike Glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 are envisaged as Potential Targets of Vitamin D and Ivermectin.”
https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202005.0084/v1
Conclusion: Ivermectin inhibits Spike protein (-15 kcal/mole).
“Nsp7 and Spike Glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 are envisaged as Potential Targets of Vitamin D and Ivermectin.”
https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202005.0084/v1
Conclusion: Ivermectin inhibits Spike protein (-15 kcal/mole).
Giri, Sabeena, Arnica F. Lal, and Shaminder Singh.
“Battle against Coronavirus: Repurposing old friends (Food borne polyphenols) for new enemy (COVID-19).”
https://tinyurl.com/12108546
Conclusion: Ivermectin inhibits Mpro (-8.2).
“Battle against Coronavirus: Repurposing old friends (Food borne polyphenols) for new enemy (COVID-19).”
https://tinyurl.com/12108546
Conclusion: Ivermectin inhibits Mpro (-8.2).
Nallusamy, Saranya, et al.
“Shortlisting Phytochemicals Exhibiting Inhibitory Activity against Major Proteins of SARS-CoV-2 through Virtual Screening.”
https://europepmc.org/article/ppr/ppr168910
Conclusion: Ivermectin inhibits Mpro, RdRp, Spike (-7.3, -9.4, -8.2).
“Shortlisting Phytochemicals Exhibiting Inhibitory Activity against Major Proteins of SARS-CoV-2 through Virtual Screening.”
https://europepmc.org/article/ppr/ppr168910
Conclusion: Ivermectin inhibits Mpro, RdRp, Spike (-7.3, -9.4, -8.2).
Maurya, Dharmendra Kumar.
“A Combination of Ivermectin and Doxycycline Possibly Blocks the Viral Entry and Modulate the Innate Immune Response in COVID-19 Patients.” (2020).
~ In this molecular docking study, the mechanism of action of ivermectin and doxycycline were examined. Ivermectin is a strong inhibitor of replicase (RdRp), both proteases, the N-protein, and the Spike protein. The Ki values for ivermectin against various SARS-CoV-2 targets was below 1.0 and in some cases below 0.4 micromolar.
“A Combination of Ivermectin and Doxycycline Possibly Blocks the Viral Entry and Modulate the Innate Immune Response in COVID-19 Patients.” (2020).
~ In this molecular docking study, the mechanism of action of ivermectin and doxycycline were examined. Ivermectin is a strong inhibitor of replicase (RdRp), both proteases, the N-protein, and the Spike protein. The Ki values for ivermectin against various SARS-CoV-2 targets was below 1.0 and in some cases below 0.4 micromolar.
Has Ivermectin Virus-Directed Effects against SARS-CoV-2? Rationalizing the Action of a Potential Multitarget Antiviral Agent
https://chemrxiv.org/articles/preprint/12782258
https://chemrxiv.org/articles/preprint/12782258
Quantitative proteomics reveals a broad‐spectrum antiviral property of ivermectin, benefiting for COVID‐19 treatment
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcp.30055
This study is not specifically about the use of ivermectin to treat patients with COVID-19. However, it does point out the fact that Ivermectin is considered safe.
Efficacy of mass drug administration with ivermectin for control of scabies and impetigo, with coadministration of azithromycin: a single-arm community intervention trial
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(18)30790-4/fulltext
The links listed below are in need of review. There is a lot to do. I will review them as soon as I can:
https://ivmmeta.com/ivm-meta.pdf
https://covid19criticalcare.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/FLCCC-Ivermectin-in-the-prophylaxis-and-treatment-of-COVID-19.pdf
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220325066/pdf
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-109670/v1.pdf
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.16.20232223v1.full.pdf
http://iaimjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/iaim_2020_0710_23.pdf
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-100956/v2.pdf
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.29.20222661v1.full.pdf
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.26.20219345v1.full.pdf
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012369220348984/pdf
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.06.20208066v1.full.pdf
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030028962030288X
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.10.20191619v1.full.pdf
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ProvidedDocs/61/NCT04422561/Prot_SAP_000.pdf
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.12.20170282v1.full.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rishad_Choudhury_Robin/publication/343305357_A_Case_Series_of_100_COVID-19_Positive_Patients_Treated_with_Combination_of_Ivermectin_and_Doxycycline/links/5f23b82c458515b729f5e600/A-Case-Series-of-100-COVID-19-Positive-Patients-Treated-with-Combination-of-Ivermectin-and-Doxycycline.pdf
http://bcpsjournal.org/mhcms-admin/media/pdf/article761.pdf
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.07.20145979v1.full.pdf
https://ivmmeta.com/ivm-meta.pdf
https://covid19criticalcare.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/FLCCC-Ivermectin-in-the-prophylaxis-and-treatment-of-COVID-19.pdf
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220325066/pdf
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-109670/v1.pdf
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.16.20232223v1.full.pdf
http://iaimjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/iaim_2020_0710_23.pdf
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-100956/v2.pdf
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.29.20222661v1.full.pdf
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.26.20219345v1.full.pdf
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012369220348984/pdf
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.06.20208066v1.full.pdf
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030028962030288X
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.10.20191619v1.full.pdf
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ProvidedDocs/61/NCT04422561/Prot_SAP_000.pdf
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.12.20170282v1.full.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rishad_Choudhury_Robin/publication/343305357_A_Case_Series_of_100_COVID-19_Positive_Patients_Treated_with_Combination_of_Ivermectin_and_Doxycycline/links/5f23b82c458515b729f5e600/A-Case-Series-of-100-COVID-19-Positive-Patients-Treated-with-Combination-of-Ivermectin-and-Doxycycline.pdf
http://bcpsjournal.org/mhcms-admin/media/pdf/article761.pdf
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.07.20145979v1.full.pdf
